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Today's Science Highlights: From Brain Aging to Mars Sample Return

Brain Changes Around 50 Linked to Alzheimer's Risk

Scientists have discovered that the brain's memory center undergoes a significant immune cell transformation beginning around age 50, with protective cells being replaced by inflammatory ones—a change that may help explain the link between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Read more: Scientists discover a hidden brain shift that begins around age 50

Earth's Molten Core Reverses Direction

Satellite measurements have revealed a surprising reversal in the movement of Earth's liquid iron core beneath the Pacific, signaling a significant change in the deep-Earth processes that sustain our planet's magnetic field.

Read more: Earth's molten core suddenly reversed direction — and scientists don't know why

mRNA Flu Vaccine Shows Promise

Moderna's mFlusiva mRNA flu vaccine demonstrates stronger and more durable immune responses compared to traditional flu shots, and shows greater efficacy at preventing infection, according to recent data.

Read more: Here's what the first mRNA flu vaccine could mean for flu season

China Plans Only Mars Sample Receiving Lab

China has announced plans to build the only Mars sample receiving laboratory on Earth, positioning itself to handle Martian material as NASA's own sample return mission remains in flux due to budget constraints.

Read more: China Announces Only Mars Sample Receiving Lab on Earth After NASA Cancels Plans - Tech Times

NASA Repurposes Gateway Elements for Moon Base

NASA and Northrop Grumman are repurposing elements originally designed for the lunar Gateway outpost to support upcoming Moon base demonstration missions, marking a strategic shift in how hardware developed for orbital infrastructure can be utilized for surface operations.

Read more: NASA, Northrop Grumman repurpose Gateway elements for Moon Base demo missions - Spaceflight Now